Physics eBooks

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving problems that would otherwise be intractable with conventional computers. Some prototypes of the simplest elements needed to build a quantum computer have already been implemented in the laboratory. The efforts now concentrate on combining these elements into scalable systems. In addition, alternative routes to creating large scale quantum computers are continuously being developed.This volume gives a cross-section of recent achievements in both the theory and the practical realization of quantum computing devices. Samuel L. Braunstein (Reader, University of Wales, Bangor, and editor of the book "Quantum Computing - Where do we want to go tomorrow") and Hoi-Kwong Lo (Chief Scientist, MagiQ Techn...

Quantum processing and communication is emerging as a challenging technique at the beginning of the new millennium. An actual insight into the current research of quantum superposition, entanglement, and the quantum measurement process - the key ingredients of quantum information processing. The authors further address quantum protocols and algorithms. Complementary to similar programmes in other countries and at the european level, the German Research Foundation (DFG) started a focused research program on quantum information in 1999. The contributions - written by leading experts - bring together the latest results in quantum inforation as well as addressing questions...

Alice has made a decision in her mind. While she does not want to reveal it to Bob at this moment, she would like to convince Bob that she is committed to this particular decision and that she cannot change it at a later time. Is there a way to get Bob's trust?This practical question is also one of the fundamental dilemmas of quantum cryptography, and is discussed in this fascinating and highly topical volume. In addition, experimental realizations and theoretical aspects of trapped-ion and other possible quantum computers are presented in detail.Still a number of years ahead, quantum computers will possibly shape the 21st century as much as conventional computers shaped the 20th century. This volume provides you with up-to-date information on the cu...

This book describes a family of state-of-the-art numerical and semi-analytical techniques for determining stress intensity factors for cracks; the quantities which determine and control the fatigue life of engineering components. Fatigue problems are dominated by behaviour of the crack when it is short, and in the neighbourhood of the source of nucleation, as this is where the majority of the life is used up. A knowledge of crack-tip stress intensity factors in this regime is paramount. The techniques described in this book are very efficient methods of determining stress intensity factors with great precision and computational efficiency. This will allow for accurate estimates of component life and inspection intervals....